CuPyMag: GPU-Accelerated Finite-Element Micromagnetics with Magnetostriction
CuPyMag: GPU-Accelerated Finite-Element Micromagnetics with Magnetostriction.
Guan H, Balakrishna AR.
arXiv:2510.09812. (2025)
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Synopsis

We developed an open-source finite-element micromagnetic simulation program with magnetostriction. The program incorporates a GPU-resident workflow with tensorized operations using CuPy’s BLAS-accelerated backend.

Modeling Finite Deformations in Alloying Electrodes — A Closer Look at Cracks and Pores During Phase Transformation
Modeling Finite Deformations in Alloying Electrodes — A Closer Look at Cracks and Pores During Phase Transformation.
Zhang D, Lai Y, Thurber K, Smith K, Weker JN, Tolbert S, Balakrishna AR.
arXiv:2506.19982. (2025)
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Synopsis

We develop a continuum framework coupling lithium diffusion and reaction kinetics with the finite deformation of alloying electrodes using Sb→Li2Sb→Li3Sb as a model system.

Lattice Compatibility and Energy Barriers in Intercalation Compounds
Lattice Compatibility and Energy Barriers in Intercalation Compounds.
Zhang D, Balakrishna AR.
PRX Energy 4, 043002. (2025)
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Synopsis

We present a continuum model for symmetry-breaking phase transformations in intercalation compounds, based on Ericksen’s multi-well energy formulation.

A micromechanical model for light-interactive molecular crystals
A micromechanical model for light-interactive molecular crystals.
Tiwari D, Balakrishna AR.
Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 203, 106195. (2025)
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Synopsis

We develop a micromechanical framework based on Cauchy-Born rule and photoreaction theory to predict macroscopic photomechanical response in molecular crystals.

Hysteresis and energy barriers in soft magnets
Hysteresis and energy barriers in soft magnets.
Guan H, Ahani N, García-Cervera C, Balakrishna AR.
Physical Review Materials 9, 044407. (2025)
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Synopsis

We identify a mathematical relation among material parameters to minimize hysteresis with large magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants.

Multiscale approaches for optimizing the impact of strain on Na-ion battery cycle life
Multiscale approaches for optimizing the impact of strain on Na-ion battery cycle life.
Brady MJ, Andrews JL, Zambotti A, Zhang D, Yuan X, Thurber K, Duan X, Li Y, Weker JN, Balakrishna AR, See KA, Seshadri R, Van der Ven A, Dunn BS, Tolbert SH, Melot BC.
MRS Energy & Sustainability 12, 32–45. (2024)
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Synopsis

We discuss the current state-of-the-art materials used in Na-ion cells and several directions that the Center for Strain Optimization for Renewable Energy (STORE) believes are critical to understand and control the structural and volumetric changes during the reversible (de)insertion of large cations.

Rethinking hysteresis in magnetic materials
Rethinking hysteresis in magnetic materials.
Balakrishna AR.
MRS Communications 14, 835–845. (2024)
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Synopsis

Ananya reviews the recent developments on using nonlinear analysis and nucleation barrier methods to predict coercivity in soft magnets.

Coupling Diffusion and Finite Deformation in Phase Transformation Materials
Coupling Diffusion and Finite Deformation in Phase Transformation Materials.
Zhang T, Zhang D, Balakrishna AR .
Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 183, 105501. (2024)
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Synopsis

We present a multiscale theoretical framework to investigate the interplay between diffusion and finite lattice deformation in phase transformation materials. In this framework, we use the Cauchy-Born Rule and the Principle of Virtual Power to derive a thermodynamically consistent theory with an application to intercalation-type battery electrodes.

Objective molecular dynamics study of cross slip under high-rate deformation
Objective molecular dynamics study of cross slip under high-rate deformation.
Pahlani G, Balakrishna AR , James RD.
Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids , 105361. (2023)
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Synopsis

We investigate the fundamental mechanisms underlying high-strain-rate plastic deformation and friction in crystalline materials using a novel implementation of Objective Molecular Dynamics.

Designing shape-memory-like microstructures in intercalation materials
Designing shape-memory-like microstructures in intercalation materials.
Zhang D, Renuka Balakrishna A.
Acta Materialia Volume 252. (2023)
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Synopsis

We develop a theoretical framework to predict structural transformations in intercalation compounds and establish crystallographic design rules necessary for forming shape-memory-like microstructures in intercalation materials.

Chemistry–mechanics–geometry coupling in positive electrode materials: a scale-bridging perspective for mitigating degradation in lithium ion batteries through materials design
Chemistry–mechanics–geometry coupling in positive electrode materials: a scale-bridging perspective for mitigating degradation in lithium ion batteries through materials design.
Santos A, Rezaei S, Zhang D, Luo Y, Lin B, Renuka Balakrishna A, Xi BX, Banerjee S.
Chemical Science, 14 (3), 458-484. (2022)
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Synopsis

This perspective highlights the coupling between electrochemistry, mechanics, and geometry spanning key electrochemical processes in intercalating positive electrodes.

Doping-Induced Pre-Transformation to Extend Solid-Solution Regimes in Li-Ion Batteries
Doping-Induced Pre-Transformation to Extend Solid-Solution Regimes in Li-Ion Batteries.
Schofield P, Luo Y, Zhang D, Zaheer W, Santos D, Agbeworvi G, Ponis JD, Handy JV, Andrews JL, Braham EJ, Renuka Balakrishna A, Banerjee S.
ACS Energy Letters 7, 3286-92. (2022)
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Synopsis

We dope a phase-transforming V2O5 electrode to reduce structural distortions during charge/discharge processes.

Crystallographic design of intercalation materials
Crystallographic design of intercalation materials.
Renuka Balakrishna A.
Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage 19(4), 040802. (2022)
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Synopsis

We review how the structural transformation of lattices, phase transformation microstructures, and crystallographic defects affect the chemo-mechanical properties of intercalation materials.

Compatible microstructures in magnetic materials
Compatible microstructures in magnetic materials.
Renuka Balakrishna A.
Physical Review Materials 6, 074402. (2022)
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Synopsis

We propose a mathematical relationship between magnetic material constants for which highly reversible microstructures form during phase transformations.

Design of soft magnetic materials
Design of soft magnetic materials.
Renuka Balakrishna A, James RD.
NPJ Computational Materials 8(4), 1-10. (2022)
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Synopsis

We quantitatively demonstrate that the delicate balance between magnetocrystalline anisotropy, magnetostriction constants, and the spike-domain microstructure (localized disturbance) is necessary to lower magnetic coercivity.

Film strains enhance the reversible cycling of intercalation electrodes
Film strains enhance the reversible cycling of intercalation electrodes.
Zhang D, Sheth J, Sheldon, BW, Renuka Balakrishna A.
Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 155, 104551. (2021)
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Synopsis

We demonstrate how film straining of intercalation electrodes can circumvent its structural degradation upon repeated cycling.

A solution to the permalloy problem—A micromagnetic analysis with magnetostriction
A solution to the permalloy problem—A micromagnetic analysis with magnetostriction.
Renuka Balakrishna A, James RD.
Applied Physics Letters 118(21), 212404. (2021)
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Synopsis

We propose a solution to the longstanding “Permalloy problem”, i.e., why the particular composition of Fe21.5Ni78.5 achieves a dramatic drop in magnetic hysteresis.

A tool to predict coercivity in magnetic materials
A tool to predict coercivity in magnetic materials.
Renuka Balakrishna A, James RD.
Acta Materialia 116697. (2021)
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Synopsis

We develop a novel coericity tool that for the fist time combines micromagnetics with magnetostriction and non-linear stability analysis.

Phase-field model for diffusion-induced grain boundary migration: An application to battery electrodes
Phase-field model for diffusion-induced grain boundary migration: An application to battery electrodes.
Renuka Balakrishna A, Chiang YM, Carter WC.
Physical Review Materials 3(6), 065404. (2019)
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Synopsis

We use our previously developed multiscale phase-field framework to model electrode microstructures not only as a function of Li composition, but also predict the crystallographic features of the underlying electrode during battery operation.

Order-disorder transition in nano-rutile TiO2 anodes: A high capacity low-volume change Li-ion battery material
Order-disorder transition in nano-rutile TiO2 anodes: A high capacity low-volume change Li-ion battery material.
Christensen CK, Mamakhel A, Renuka Balakrishna A, Iversen BB, Chiang YM, Ravnsbæk D.
Nanoscale 11, 12347-12357. (2019)
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Synopsis

Using ex situ and operando scattering techniques we elucidate the phase transformation in LixTiO2 during repeated charge-discharge processes.